![]() ![]() Sometimes the posterior tibial nerve can be compressed as it passes under the flexor retinaculum, causing a condition known as tarsal tunnel syndrome. The flexor retinaculum is a ligament - a strong band of fibrous tissue - that holds down the tendons of the foot. The tendon may be torn completely or partially torn. If the Achilles tendon is ruptured, a person may feel a sudden sharp pain at the back of their calf - like being shot, sometimes accompanied by a loud pop or snapping noise. Every time you take a step you rely on your Achilles tendon. It allows extension of your foot downward, away from your body, which lets your heel lift off the ground as you move forward when walking. The Achilles tendon connects your calf muscles to the back of your heel bone - the calcaneus. It plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint and also flexes the leg at the knee joint. The plantaris tendon comes off the plantaris muscle and inserts into the heel bone via the Achilles tendon, along with the other 2 calf muscles. ![]() The plantaris muscle is a small muscle that runs between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles - in some people it is missing. The soleus is stretched by ‘bent-leg calf stretches’. The soleus muscle also plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint. It inserts onto the heel bone along with the gastrocnemius via the Achilles tendon. The soleus calf muscle is deeper than the gastrocnemius. It is stretched by ‘straight-leg calf stretches’. The gastrocnemius also flexes the leg at the knee joint. The leg is separated into anterior, lateral, superficial posterior and deep posterior compartments by intermuscular septa and surrounded by the deep fascia of the leg. The gastrocnemius muscle flexes the foot at the ankle joint - that is it acts to point the foot downwards by bending it at the ankle joint, such as when you stand on your toes. It inserts onto the heel bone via the Achilles tendon. ![]()
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